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Financial Cards and Payments in China



EMI-CN-FC$900.00
Euromonitor International
Nov 2010
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About this Report

About this Report

This Euromonitor market report provides market trend and market growth analysis of the Financial Cards and Payments industry in China. With this market report, you’ll be able to explore in detail the changing shape and potential of the industry. You will now be able to plan and build strategy on real industry data and projections.

The Financial Cards and Payments in China market research report includes:

  • Analysis of key supply-side and demand trends  
  • Historic volumes and values, company and brand market shares
  • Five year forecasts of market trends and market growth
  • Robust and transparent market research methodology, conducted in-country

Our market research reports answer questions such as:

  • What is the market size of Financial Cards and Payments in China?
  • What are the major operators and issuers in China?
  • How will regulation impact the market?  
  • What is the current state of emerging payment technologies such as mobile commerce?

Why buy this report?

  • Gain competitive intelligence about market leaders
  • Track key industry trends, opportunities and threats
  • Inform your marketing, brand, strategy and market development, sales and supply functions

Euromonitor’s industry reports, including Financial Cards and Payments in China, originate from our database within our Consumer Finance market share and market size database, Passport, a platform which analyses Consumer Finance in 46 countries and globally.

Each report is delivered with the following components:
Report: PDF and Word
Market statistics: Excel workbook

Sample Analysis

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Financial cards strategy shifts away from consumer acquisitions

Financial cards have been developing rapidly since 2002 when China UnionPay Co Ltd was established and a credit card system was set up. The initial strategy for both issuer and operators was to acquire as many customers as possible. However, the expansion slowed down along with a fair growth of financial cards in circulation in 2010. The main strategy has shifted towards customer retention and profitability. Most issuers have launched promotion programs focused on sleeping cards activation, spending stimulus and fee waivers to retain the business.

Government involvement in financial cards is deepening

Financial cards have been a rising part of consumer finance in every means from banks’ business to people’s daily life. The Chinese government sees the importance of prioritizing financial cards in 2010, and its involvement can be twofold. On one hand, government backs up domestic players to compete with foreign players by offering policy benefits or monopoly positions. On the other hand, government is working on further regulations to keep control over financial cards. This evolvement will reshape the business step by step over time.

China UnionPay’s monopoly position strengthens

China UnionPay retained the leading share of cards in circulation in 2009, benefiting from the government’s support. The situation will be sustained over the forecast period even though foreign operators like Visa Inc and MasterCard International Inc have the overwhelming overseas advantage. Consumers will still recognize China UnionPay as the top brand in China and China UnionPay Co Ltd’s monopoly position will force foreign issuers to increase budget and investment in cooperation with China UnionPay Co Ltd in order to penetrate to local consumers.

Competition between foreign banks and local banks becomes fierce

Domestic banks continue to dominate in China’s financial cards though foreign banks are starting to emerge in China. Since 2008, foreign banks have built up a network in tier one cities. To compete with local banks in debit card service in local currency, foreign banks have been investing in ATM locations rather than building branches. More foreign banks are expected to expand their financial cards, including credit cards, over the forecast period.

Major events make ideal labs for testing new technology

Bank of Communications Ltd and Industrial & Commercial Bank of China Ltd both launched smart cards for the Shanghai Expo and Asian Games, respectively. The centralized infrastructure development is the ideal place to test the new technology. PBOC2.0 and EMV standards as well as their systems are being tested by massive users. The smart card is a significant trend in the future and China is likely to set and formalize the next generation standard for financial cards.

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Financial Cards and Payments in China - Industry Overview

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Financial cards strategy shifts away from consumer acquisitions

Government involvement in financial cards is deepening

China UnionPay’s monopoly position strengthens

Competition between foreign banks and local banks becomes fierce

Major events make ideal labs for testing new technology

KEY TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS

China UnionPay Co Ltd’s aggressive expansion continues

Complaints about financial cards’ hidden fee charge increase

Government releases regulations on payment of non-financial institutions

Technology innovation reshapes the future of financial cards

Foreign banks start full-scale competition with local banks

MARKET INDICATORS

MARKET DATA

DEFINITIONS

ATM function

Debit function

Credit function

Commercial credit cards

Charge card function

Commercial charge cards

Open Loop pre-paid function

Closed Loop pre-paid function

Store cards

Pre-paid

Contact Smart Card

Contactless Smart Card

Card Expenditure by Location

Card Expenditure by Sector

Domestic versus Foreign

Value lost to fraud

  • Summary 1 Research Sources

Financial Cards and Payments in China - Company Profiles

Bank of China Ltd - Financial Cards and Payments - China

STRATEGIC DIRECTION

KEY FACTS

COMPANY BACKGROUND

COMPETITIVE POSITIONING

  • Summary 4 Bank of China Ltd: Competitive Position 2009

China Construction Bank Corp - Financial Cards and Payments - China

STRATEGIC DIRECTION

KEY FACTS

COMPANY BACKGROUND

COMPETITIVE POSITIONING

  • Summary 7 China Construction Bank Corp: Competitive Position 2009

China Merchants Bank Co Ltd - Financial Cards and Payments - China

STRATEGIC DIRECTION

KEY FACTS

COMPANY BACKGROUND

COMPETITIVE POSITIONING

  • Summary 10 China Merchants Bank Co Ltd: Competitive Position 2009

Industrial & Commercial Bank of China Ltd - Financial Cards and Payments - China

STRATEGIC DIRECTION

KEY FACTS

COMPANY BACKGROUND

COMPETITIVE POSITIONING

  • Summary 13 Industrial & Commercial Bank of China Ltd: Competitive Position 2009

Ping An Bank Co Ltd - Financial Cards and Payments - China

STRATEGIC DIRECTION

KEY FACTS

COMPANY BACKGROUND

COMPETITIVE POSITIONING

ATM Transactions in China - Category Analysis

HEADLINES

TRENDS

  • China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) further reemphasized the security issue of ATM regulation. To respond to the ATM replica crime, CBRC restated that the ATM machine recycle channel was strictly regulated and was not likely to flow into the market. CBRC also increased the daily cash withdrawal ceiling to 20,000 in 2010.

COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

  • Even though foreign banks started ATM services in 2008, domestic banks remain the dominating positions in ATM transactions. Due to the full-scale coverage of rural areas, Agricultural Bank of China Ltd and Postal Savings Bank of China were the top two banks by issuers in terms of cards in circulation and ATM transaction value and volume in 2009.

PROSPECTS

  • ATM transactions are expected to show growth over the forecast period due to increasing demand of service frequency, multi-functionality of innovated ATMs and pressure of human capital rising. ATM service is also expected to be another profit growth driver for small and medium-sized banks as well as foreign banks to make up for the disadvantage of location coverage.

CATEGORY DATA

Charge Card Transactions in China - Category Analysis

HEADLINES

TRENDS

  • At the end of the review period, there were no plans for financial institutions to start issuing charge cards.

PROSPECTS

  • The annual fees and the issue barrier for charge cards are higher than they are for credit cards. Also, credit cards offer more flexibility in terms of debt return than charge cards do. Chinese consumers, therefore, appear to be in favour of currently existing credit cards.

Credit Card Transactions in China - Category Analysis

HEADLINES

TRENDS

  • China Banking Regulatory Commission released ‘the notice to further regulate the credit card market’ in 2009 to streamline the industry structure and manage the risk. It clearly stated that issuing credit cards to customers under 18 was forbidden, multiple applications under one name were supervised and credit card promotion would be further regulated.

COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

  • Industrial & Commercial Bank of China Ltd retained its leading position as an issuer in terms of credit function cards issued. At the end of 2009, it had 48 million credit function cards in circulation, accounting for 26% share. China Construction Bank Corp was the second largest issuer of credit function cards, with a total number of 25 million credit cards in circulation and 13% share in 2009.

PROSPECTS

  • By 2015, credit card function cards are expected to grow in terms of number of cards in circulation and transaction value. The main driver behind the credit card growth is due to a consumption behaviour shift. Chinese people will get used to carrying a fair amount of debt gradually in the forecast period.

CATEGORY DATA

Debit Transactions in China - Category Analysis

HEADLINES

TRENDS

  • The number of debit function cards in China increased and reached 2 billion cards at the end of 2010. However, growth slowed down and dropped to 10% in 2010 from 13% growth in 2009. Debit cards still remain dominant amongst China’s financial cards, taking the majority share in terms of number of cards in circulation.

COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

  • Agricultural Bank of China Ltd retained the leading position in terms of cards in circulation, reaching 343 million and taking an 18.6% share in 2009. Due to promotion in rural areas, Postal Savings Bank of China caught up very quickly, with 340 million cards in circulation and 18.5% share in 2009.

PROSPECTS

  • Debit cards will continue to dominate China’s financial card market and debit cards will be a substitute for the conventional deposit check in the forecast period. The competition between foreign banks and local banks will move from premium customers to a larger body by fast localization of foreign banks. Thus, the competition between domestic banks and foreign banks will be a major topic over the forecast period.

CATEGORY DATA

Pre-Paid Card Transactions in China - Category Analysis

HEADLINES

TRENDS

  • Pre-paid cards mainly comprise pre-paid transportation cards, which was highly encouraged by the local government as an ideal substitution for making daily payments. Shanghai Public Transportation Card Co conducted a promotion program of accumulation discounts to encourage pre-paid card usage. Once a pre-paid card exceeded a total transaction value of over RMB100 a month, the cardholder was able to enjoy a 10% discount thereafter in the same month.

COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

  • Transportation pre-paid function cards continued to hold the dominant position. However, the transportation pre-paid cards were strictly regulated on an individual basis and run by one company in one city. Most transportation pre-paid cards did not require specific identification and played a role for frequent micro payments for public transportation systems and toll charges.

PROSPECTS

  • Unlike the strict location restraints of transportation pre-paid cards, the open loop pre-paid card is expected to start building up a nationwide network in the forecast period. Open loop pre-paid cards are expected to gain popularity over the forecast period as large retailers may start to venture into such cards to meet the rising demand for gift cards in China.

CATEGORY DATA

Store Cards in China - Category Analysis

HEADLINES

TRENDS

  • The initial idea of store cards was to encourage expenditure and provide convenience for consumers. Regulations on non-cash expenditure in China are far from perfect, so store cards involved in a wrong direction lead to problems such as tax avoidance, ‘grey’ expenditure and corruption. Due to a totally inadequate share of information, consumer interest suffers. Consumers often know about a bankruptcy only after the closure of the business. Unless the organisation itself offers compensation, it is very difficult to track down the responsibility when the legal representatives are gone.

PROSPECTS

  • Until the government improves its regulations, store cards will remain banned in China.

Segmentation

Segmentation

This market research report includes the following:

  • Financial Cards and Payments
    • Financial Cards in Circulation
      • ATM Function
      • Charge Card Function
        • Commercial Charge Cards
        • Personal Charge Cards
      • Credit Function
        • Commercial Credit Cards
        • Personal Credit Cards
      • Debit Function
      • Pre-Paid Function
        • Closed Loop Pre-Paid Function
        • Open Loop Pre-Paid Function
      • Store Cards
    • Transactions
      • Total Cards Transactions
        • ATM Transactions
        • Card Payment Transactions
          • Charge Card Transactions
            • Commercial Charge Card Transactions
            • Personal Charge Card Transactions
          • Credit Card Transactions
            • Commercial Credit Card Transactions
            • Personal Credit Card Transactions
          • Debit Transactions
          • Pre-Paid Transactions
            • Closed Loop Pre-Paid Card Transactions
            • Open Loop Pre-Paid Card Transactions
          • Store Card Transactions
      • Consumer Payment Transactions
        • Card Payment Transactions (Excl Commercial)
        • Electronic Direct/ACH Transactions
        • Paper Payment Transactions
          • Cash Transactions
          • Other Paper Payment Types

Statistics Included

Statistics Included

For each category and subcategory you will receive the following data in Excel format:

From Passport

  • Market Size
  • Market Share
  • Analysis by Type
  • Card expenditure by location
  • Card expenditure by sector
  • Domestic versus foreign spend

Market size details:

  • Retail Value retail selling price % growth
  • Retail Value retail selling price local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY
  • Retail Value retail selling price per capita local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY
  • Retail Value retail selling price real (constant 2008) Prices % growth
  • Retail Value retail selling price real (constant 2008) Prices local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY
  • Retail Value retail selling price real (constant 2008) Prices per capita local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY
  • Number of Cards
  • Number of Cards % growth
  • Number of Cards per capita
  • Number of Accounts
  • Number of Accounts % growth
  • Number of Accounts per capita
  • Transactions
  • Transactions % growth
  • Transactions per capita
  • Retail Value retail selling price Nominal (Current) Prices % growth
  • Retail Value retail selling price Nominal (Current) Prices local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY
  • Retail Value retail selling price Nominal (Current) Prices per capita local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY

Methodology

Methodology

Global insight and local knowledge

With 40 years’ experience of developed and emerging markets, Euromonitor International’s research method is built on a unique combination of specialist industry knowledge and in-country research expertise.

This approach is what enables us to achieve our goal of building a market consensus view of size, shape and trends across the full distribution universe of each category. We factor in whichever channels are relevant, from large-scale grocery to direct sellers, from discount stores to local mom-and-pop outlets.

Industry specialists

Each industry we cover is managed by an Industry Manager and team of Industry Analysts who research and report on their specialist categories all year round.

Our collaborative approach to research means that these industry teams are in constant dialogue with industry players and opinion formers. The planning of our research programmes reflects latest market trends and industry events. In completing each update project, this provides invaluable input to the testing, review and finalisation of our data.

The specialist in-house teams bring together findings from all stages of the annual research process. They work closely with in-country analysts, assess and challenge data and exercise final editorial control over the publication of new data and analysis.

Country and regional analysts

Our in-country analyst network is managed by country and regional analysts in our offices around the world. Working closely with each in-country team, the regional research management team ensures that all country researchers are well schooled in best practices, from the information collected in store checks, to the dialogue we build in trade surveys. Our country analysts ensure that national reports explain the data trends and provide clear insights into the local market’s dynamics.

In-country research network

To deliver fresh insights every year in countries all around the world, we believe the strongest approach is to use analysts on the ground. They bring fluency in local language, physical proximity to the best sources, an ability to engage directly with local industry contacts, and an awareness of how the products and services we study are advertised, sold and consumed. These are essential parts of our ability to report incisively on these markets.

Research Methodology

Our research methods

Each Euromonitor International industry report is based on a core set of research techniques:

Desk research

With industry events, corporate activity, trends and new product introductions tracked year round by our industry team, desk research provides a starting point for the in-country research programme. Our in-country researchers will access the following sources:

  • National statistics offices governmental and official sources
  • National and international trade press
  • National and international trade associations
  • Industry study groups and other semi-official sources
  • Company financials and annual reports
  • Broker reports
  • Online databases
  • The financial, business and mainstream press

Accessing sources is only the first step. The ability to interpret and reconcile often conflicting information across multiple sources is a key aspect of the added value we provide.

Store checks

Store checks are an integral part of our methods for product industries. Carried out on the ground across a relevant mix of channels, the information gained provides first-hand insights into the products we are researching, specifically:

  • Place: We track products in all relevant channels, selective and mass, store and non-store
  • Product: What are innovations in products, pack sizes and formats?
  • Price: What are brand price variations across channels, how do private label’s prices compare to those of branded goods?
  • Promotion: What are marketing and merchandising trends, offers, discounts and tie-ins?

Findings are cross-referenced with brand share data analysis. The results, combined with the findings of desk research, provide a strong basis for identifying key areas of questioning to take forward into our trade survey.

Trade survey

Interaction with global players at corporate HQ and regional levels is complemented by unique local data and insights from our in-country trade surveys around the world. Through the high profile of the Euromonitor International brand, we are able to talk directly to a wide range of sources and therefore inform our analysis with the knowledge and opinions of the leading operators in the market.

Trade surveys allow us to:

  • Fill gaps in available published data per company
  • Generate a consensus view of the size, structure and strategic direction of the category
  • Access year-in-progress data where published sources are out of date
  • Evaluate the experts’ views on current trends and market developments

In building our composite industry view, we engage with a variety of personnel in key players at all points of the supply chain: materials suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and service operators. We also interview desk research sources: industry associations; study groups; and third party observers from the trade and financial press.

Our objective is to engage in conversation with trade sources in which we exchange ideas and views on the industry, sharing our work-in-progress findings on supply/demand dynamics and potential. This dialogue enhances both parties’ understanding of the local market. The scope and reach of our trade survey also serves to eliminate bias (intentional and unintentional) from any single source.

Company analysis

At a global level, our company research combines our mix of industry interaction and use of secondary sources such as annual accounts, broker reports, financial press and databases. From a data perspective, the aim is to build “top-down” estimates of major players’ total global and regional sales.

At a country level, in line with local reporting requirements, we access annual accounts, national-specific company databases and local company websites. These are all invaluable sources as we build a view of each domestic player’s size and position within very specific categories of the industry.

Forecasts

Data projections and future performance analysis are key elements of Euromonitor International’s market intelligence. Working with historic trends of 15 years or more, a key aspect of our trade survey is to engage industry insider views of the next five years. Will volumes maintain their historic trend? Will price increases or falls of recent years continue, accelerate or slow down? Will increasing demand for one product cannibalise sales of another?

Forecasts represent many of the essential conclusions we have reached about the current state of the market, how it works and how it behaves under different macro and micro conditions. Our written analysis will state the assumptions and the trade opinion behind whether our predictions are optimistic or pessimistic, so that clients can use our statistical forecasts with confidence.

Data validation

All data is subjected to an exhaustive review process, at country, regional and global levels.

The interpretation and review of sources and data inputs forms a central part of the collaboration between industry teams and country researchers. Numbers are delivered to regional and global offices with an audit trail of sources and calculations to allow for a thorough evaluation of data sense and integrity.

Upon completion of the country review phase, data is then reviewed on a comparative basis at regional and then at a global level. Comparative checks are carried out on per capita consumption and spending levels, growth rates, patterns of category and subcategory breakdowns and distribution of sales by channel. Top-down estimates are reviewed against bottom-up regional and global market and company sales totals.

Where marked differences are seen between proximate country markets or ones at similar developmental levels, supplementary research is conducted in the relevant countries to confirm and/or amend those findings. This process ensures international comparability across the database, that consistent category and subcategory definitions have been used and that all data has been correctly tested. We make sure that possible discrepancies between different published sources have been reconciled and that our interpretation of opinion and expectation from each country’s trade sources has been applied to form a coherent international pattern.

Market analysis

Another integral part of all our research programmes is that all Euromonitor International data is accompanied by clear written analysis. From a research perspective, this explains and substantiates data findings. From a client perspective, this offers unique insights into local consumption trends, routes to market, brand preferences, channel dynamics and future trends.

Our country level analysis also provides invaluable input into the ability of our central industry specialist teams to marry local insights with strategic conclusions on the direction of the market regionally and globally.




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